13 KiB
Optimized configuration for Ubuntu server with EasyEngine
Server Stack
- Ubuntu 16.04/18.04 LTS
- Nginx 1.15.x / 1.14.x
- PHP-FPM 7/7.1/7.2
- MariaDB 10.3
- REDIS 4.0
- Memcached
- Fail2ban
- Netdata
- UFW
Ubuntu-Nginx-web-server is now available (in beta) as bash script to automate Optimized EasyEngine Setup. Checkout EE-NGINX-SETUP
Configuration files with comments available by following the link source
Initial configuration
System update and packages cleanup
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get autoremove --purge -y && apt-get clean
Install useful packages
sudo apt-get install haveged curl git unzip zip fail2ban htop nload nmon ntp gnupg gnupg2 wget pigz tree ccze mycli -y
Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server.git $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server
Tweak Kernel & Increase open files limits
source sysctl.conf - limits.conf source
cp $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS do not support the new tcp congestion control algorithm bbr, we will use htcp instead.
# On ubuntu 18.04 LTS
modprobe tcp_bbr
echo -e '\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr\nnet.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
# On ubuntu 16.04 LTS
modprobe tcp_htcp
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = htcp' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Then to apply the configuration :
sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Increase openfiles limits
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "* hard nofile 500000\n* soft nofile 500000\nroot hard nofile 500000\nroot soft nofile 500000\n" >> /etc/security/limits.conf'
disable transparent hugepage for redis
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
EasyEngine Setup
Install MariaDB 10.3
Instructions available in VirtuBox Knowledgebase
bash <(wget -qO - https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup) --mariadb-server-version=10.3 --skip-maxscale -y
sudo apt update && sudo apt install mariadb-server -y
Secure MariaDB after install by running the command :
mysql_secure_installation
MySQL Tuning
You can download my example of my.cnf, optimized for VPS with 4GB RAM. my.cnf source
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
It include modification of innodb_log_file_size variable, so you need to use the following commands to apply the new configuration :
sudo service mysql stop
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0.bak
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1.bak
sudo service mysql start
Increase MariaDB open files limits
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
Install EasyEngine
# noninteractive install - you can replace $USER with your username & root@$HOSTNAME by your email
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[user]\n\tname = $USER\n\temail = root@$HOSTNAME" > $HOME/.gitconfig'
wget -qO ee rt.cx/ee && bash ee
enable ee bash_completion
source /etc/bash_completion.d/ee_auto.rc
Install Nginx, php5.6, php7.0, postfix, redis and configure EE backend
ee stack install
ee stack install --php7 --redis --admin --phpredisadmin
Set your email instead of root@localhost
echo 'root: my.email@address.com' >> /etc/aliases
newaliases
Install Composer - Fix phpmyadmin install issue
cd ~/ ||exit
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
sudo -u www-data -H composer update -d /var/www/22222/htdocs/db/pma/
Allow shell for www-data for SFTP usage
usermod -s /bin/bash www-data
PHP 7.1 & 7.2 Setup
Install php7.1-fpm
# php7.1-fpm
apt update && apt install php7.1-fpm php7.1-cli php7.1-zip php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-mbstring php7.1-json php7.1-intl \
php7.1-gd php7.1-curl php7.1-bz2 php7.1-xml php7.1-tidy php7.1-soap php7.1-bcmath -y php7.1-xsl
# copy php-fpm pools & php.ini configuration
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.1/fpm/* /etc/php/7.1/fpm/
service php7.1-fpm restart
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.1 configuration"
Install php7.2-fpm
# php7.2-fpm
apt update && apt install php7.2-fpm php7.2-xml php7.2-bz2 php7.2-zip php7.2-mysql php7.2-intl php7.2-gd php7.2-curl php7.2-soap php7.2-mbstring php7.2-bcmath -y
# copy php-fpm pools & php.ini configuration
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.2/fpm/* /etc/php/7.2/fpm/
service php7.2-fpm restart
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configuration"
Set the proper alternative for /usr/bin/php
If you want to choose which version of php to use with the command php
, you can use the command update-alternatives
# php5.6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php5.6 80
# php7.0
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.0 80
# php7.1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.1 80
# php7.2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.2 80
Then you can check php version with command php -v
NGINX Configuration
Additional Nginx configuration (/etc/nginx/conf.d)
- New upstreams (php7.1, php7.2, netdata) : upstream.conf
- webp image mapping : webp.conf
- new fastcgi_cache_bypass mapping for wordpress : map-wp-fastcgi-cache.conf
- stub_status configuration on 127.0.0.1:80 : stub_status.conf
- restore visitor real IP under Cloudflare : cloudflare.conf
- mitigate WordPress DoS attack
# copy all common nginx configurations
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/
# commit change with git
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update conf.d configurations"
EE common configuration
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/common/* /etc/nginx/common/
# commit change with git
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update common configurations"
Compile last Nginx mainline release with nginx-ee script
bash <(wget-qO - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VirtuBox/nginx-ee/master/nginx-build.sh)
Custom configurations
clean php-fpm php.ini configuration
# PHP 7.0
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.0/* /etc/php/7.0/
service php7.0-fpm restart
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configuration"
Nginx optimized configurations
# TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 only
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# TLS intermediate - TLS v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 v1.3
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx-intermediate.conf
# TLSv1.2 only
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx-tlsv12.conf
# commit change with git
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update nginx.conf configurations"
Nginx configuration for netdata
# add nginx reverse-proxy for netdata on https://yourserver.hostname:22222/netdata/
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/sites-available/22222 /etc/nginx/sites-available/22222
# commit change with git
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update 22222 configuration"
Increase Nginx open files limits
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
Security
Harden SSH Security
WARNING : SSH Configuration with root login allowed using SSH keys only source
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
UFW
Instructions available in VirtuBox Knowledgebase
# enable ufw log - allow outgoing - deny incoming
ufw logging low
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw default deny incoming
# allow incoming traffic on SSH port
CURRENT_SSH_PORT=$(grep "Port" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | awk -F " " '{print $2}')
ufw allow $CURRENT_SSH_PORT
# DNS - HTTP/S - FTP - NTP - RSYNC - DHCP - EE Backend
ufw allow 53
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow 21
ufw allow 123
ufw allow 68
ufw allow 546
ufw allow 873
ufw allow 22222
# enable UFW
echo "y" | ufw enable
Custom jails for fail2ban
- wordpress bruteforce
- ssh
- recidive (after 3 bans)
- backend http auth
- nginx bad bots
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/* /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/* /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/
fail2ban-client reload
Secure Memcached server
echo '-U 0' >> /etc/memcached.conf
sudo systemctl restart memcached
If you do not use memcached, you can safely stop and disable it :
sudo systemctl stop memcached
sudo systemctl disable memcached.service
Optional
ee-acme-sh
Github repository - Script to setup letsencrypt certificates using acme.sh on EasyEngine servers
- subdomain support
- ivp6 support
- wildcards certificates support
wget-qO install-ee-acme.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VirtuBox/ee-acme-sh/master/install.sh
chmod +x install-ee-acme.sh
./install-ee-acme.sh
# enable acme.sh & ee-acme-sh
source .bashrc
netdata
bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart.sh) all
# save 40-60% of netdata memory
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
echo 1000 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs
# increase open files limits for netdata
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart netdata.service
# disable email notifications
sudo sed -i 's/SEND_EMAIL="YES"/SEND_EMAIL="NO"/' /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health_alarm_notify.conf
service netdata restart
cht.sh (cheat)
curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > /usr/bin/cht.sh
chmod +x /usr/bin/cht.sh
echo "alias cheat='cht.sh'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
source $HOME/.bashrc
usage : cheat <command>
root@vps:~ cheat cat
# cat
# Print and concatenate files.
# Print the contents of a file to the standard output:
cat file
# Concatenate several files into the target file:
cat file1 file2 > target_file
# Append several files into the target file:
cat file1 file2 >> target_file
# Number all output lines:
cat -n file
nanorc - Improved Nano Syntax Highlighting Files
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh -qO- | sh
Add WP-CLI & bash-completion for user www-data
# download wp-cli bash_completion
wget -qO /etc/bash_completion.d/wp-completion.bash https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
# change /var/www owner
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
# download .profile & .bashrc for www-data
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.profile /var/www/.profile
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.bashrc /var/www/.bashrc
# set owner
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/{.profile,.bashrc}
Custom Nginx error pages
Installation
# clone the github repository
sudo -u www-data -H git clone https://github.com/alexphelps/server-error-pages.git /var/www/error
Then include this configuration in your nginx vhost by adding the following line
include common/error_pages.conf;
Published & maintained by VirtuBox