update documentation
* improve sysctl configuration * add php alias instructions
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README.md
83
README.md
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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# Optimized configuration for Ubuntu server with EasyEngine
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* * *
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**[View on GitHub](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server)**
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## Server Stack
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
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* * *
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Configuration files with comments and informations available by following the link **source**
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Configuration files with comments available by following the link **source**
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## Initial configuration
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@ -44,8 +44,30 @@ git clone https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server.git $HOME/ubuntu-n
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```bash
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cp $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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```
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Ubuntu 16.04 LTS do not support the new tcp congestion control algorithm bbr, we will use htcp instead.
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```bash
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# On ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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modprobe tcp_bbr
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echo -e '\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr\nnet.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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# On ubuntu 16.04 LTS
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modprobe tcp_htcp
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echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = htcp' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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```
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Then to apply the configuration :
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```bash
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sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf
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```
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Increase openfiles limits
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```bash
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sudo bash -c 'echo -e "* hard nofile 500000\n* soft nofile 500000\nroot hard nofile 500000\nroot soft nofile 500000\n" >> /etc/security/limits.conf'
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```
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### disable transparent hugepage for redis
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@ -67,6 +89,12 @@ bash <(wget -qO - https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup) --ma
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install mariadb-server -y
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```
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Secure MariaDB after install by running the command :
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```bash
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mysql_secure_installation
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```
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### MySQL Tuning
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You can download my example of my.cnf, optimized for VPS with 4GB RAM. [my.cnf source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/mysql/my.cnf)
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@ -89,7 +117,7 @@ sudo service mysql start
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### Increase MariaDB open files limits
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```bash
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf
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echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart mariadb
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@ -172,6 +200,26 @@ git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configu
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```
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### Set the proper alternative for /usr/bin/php
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If you want to choose which version of php to use with the command `php`, you can use the command `update-alternatives`
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```bash
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# php5.6
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php5.6 80
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# php7.0
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.0 80
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# php7.1
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.1 80
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# php7.2
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.2 80
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```
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Then you can check php version with command `php -v`
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## NGINX Configuration
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### Additional Nginx configuration (/etc/nginx/conf.d)
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@ -180,7 +228,7 @@ git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configu
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- webp image mapping : webp.conf
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- new fastcgi_cache_bypass mapping for wordpress : map-wp-fastcgi-cache.conf
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- stub_status configuration on 127.0.0.1:80 : stub_status.conf
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- restore visitor real IP under cloudflare : cloudflare.conf
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- restore visitor real IP under Cloudflare : cloudflare.conf
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- mitigate WordPress DoS attack
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```bash
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@ -250,7 +298,7 @@ git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update 22222
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```bash
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf
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echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
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@ -262,7 +310,7 @@ sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
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### Harden SSH Security
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WARNING : SSH Configuration with root login allowed with ed25519 & ECDSA SSH keys only [source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/ssh/sshd_config)
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WARNING : SSH Configuration with root login allowed using SSH keys only [source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/ssh/sshd_config)
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
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@ -280,23 +328,20 @@ ufw default deny incoming
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CURRENT_SSH_PORT=$(grep "Port" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | awk -F " " '{print $2}')
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ufw allow $CURRENT_SSH_PORT
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# DNS - HTTP/S - FTP - NTP - RSYNC - DHCP - SNMP - Librenms - Netdata - EE Backend
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# DNS - HTTP/S - FTP - NTP - RSYNC - DHCP - EE Backend
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ufw allow 53
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ufw allow http
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ufw allow https
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ufw allow 21
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ufw allow 123
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ufw allow 161
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ufw allow 68
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ufw allow 546
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ufw allow 873
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ufw allow 6556
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ufw allow 19999
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ufw allow 22222
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# enable UFW
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ufw enable
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echo "y" | ufw enable
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```
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### Custom jails for fail2ban
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@ -359,6 +404,13 @@ bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart.sh) all
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echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
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echo 1000 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs
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# increase open files limits for netdata
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d
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echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d/limits.conf
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart netdata.service
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# disable email notifications
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sudo sed -i 's/SEND_EMAIL="YES"/SEND_EMAIL="NO"/' /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health_alarm_notify.conf
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service netdata restart
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@ -403,14 +455,14 @@ root@vps:~ cheat cat
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[Github repository](https://github.com/scopatz/nanorc)
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```bash
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wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh -O- | sh
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wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh -qO- | sh
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```
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### Add WP-CLI & bash-completion for user www-data
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```bashrc
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# download wp-cli bash_completion
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/bash_completion.d/wp-completion.bash https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
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wget -qO /etc/bash_completion.d/wp-completion.bash https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
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# change /var/www owner
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chown www-data:www-data /var/www
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@ -420,8 +472,7 @@ cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.profile /var/www/.profile
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.bashrc /var/www/.bashrc
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# set owner
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chown www-data:www-data /var/www/.profile
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chown www-data:www-data /var/www/.bashrc
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chown www-data:www-data /var/www/{.profile,.bashrc}
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```
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### Custom Nginx error pages
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@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
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# Optimized configuration for Ubuntu server with EasyEngine
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**[View on GitHub](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server)**
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## Server Stack
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- Ubuntu 16.04/18.04 LTS
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- Nginx 1.15.x / 1.14.x
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- PHP-FPM 7/7.1/7.2
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- MariaDB 10.3
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- REDIS 4.0
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- Memcached
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- Fail2ban
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- Netdata
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- UFW
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* * *
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Configuration files with comments available by following the link **source**
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## Initial configuration
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### System update and packages cleanup
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```bash
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apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get autoremove --purge -y && apt-get clean
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```
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### Install useful packages
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install haveged curl git unzip zip fail2ban htop nload nmon ntp gnupg gnupg2 wget pigz tree ccze -y
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```
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### Clone the repository
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server.git $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server
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```
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### Tweak Kernel & Increase open files limits
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[source sysctl.conf](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/sysctl.conf) - [limits.conf source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/security/limits.conf)
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```bash
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cp $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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```
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Ubuntu 16.04 LTS do not support the new tcp congestion control algorithm bbr, we will use htcp instead.
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```bash
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# On ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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modprobe tcp_bbr
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echo -e '\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr\nnet.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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# On ubuntu 16.04 LTS
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modprobe tcp_htcp
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echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = htcp' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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```
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Then to apply the configuration :
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```bash
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sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
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```
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Increase openfiles limits
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```bash
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sudo bash -c 'echo -e "* hard nofile 500000\n* soft nofile 500000\nroot hard nofile 500000\nroot soft nofile 500000\n" >> /etc/security/limits.conf'
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```
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### disable transparent hugepage for redis
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```bash
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echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
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```
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* * *
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## EasyEngine Setup
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### Install MariaDB 10.3
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Instructions available in [VirtuBox Knowledgebase](https://kb.virtubox.net/knowledgebase/install-latest-mariadb-release-easyengine/)
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```bash
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bash <(wget -qO - https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup) --mariadb-server-version=10.3 --skip-maxscale -y
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sudo apt update && sudo apt install mariadb-server -y
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```
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Secure MariaDB after install by running the command :
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```bash
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mysql_secure_installation
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```
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### MySQL Tuning
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You can download my example of my.cnf, optimized for VPS with 4GB RAM. [my.cnf source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/mysql/my.cnf)
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```bash
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cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
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```
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It include modification of innodb_log_file_size variable, so you need to use the following commands to apply the new configuration :
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```bash
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sudo service mysql stop
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sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0.bak
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sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1.bak
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sudo service mysql start
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```
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### Increase MariaDB open files limits
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```bash
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echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart mariadb
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```
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## Install EasyEngine
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```bash
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# noninteractive install - you can replace $USER with your username & root@$HOSTNAME by your email
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sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[user]\n\tname = $USER\n\temail = root@$HOSTNAME" > $HOME/.gitconfig'
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wget -qO ee rt.cx/ee && bash ee
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```
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### enable ee bash_completion
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```bash
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source /etc/bash_completion.d/ee_auto.rc
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```
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### Install Nginx, php5.6, php7.0, postfix, redis and configure EE backend
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```bash
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ee stack install
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ee stack install --php7 --redis --admin --phpredisadmin
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```
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### Set your email instead of root@localhost
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```bash
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echo 'root: my.email@address.com' >> /etc/aliases
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newaliases
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```
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### Install Composer - Fix phpmyadmin install issue
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```bash
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cd ~/ ||exit
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curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
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mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
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||||
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
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sudo -u www-data -H composer update -d /var/www/22222/htdocs/db/pma/
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```
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||||
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### Allow shell for www-data for SFTP usage
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```bash
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usermod -s /bin/bash www-data
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```
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## PHP 7.1 & 7.2 Setup
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### Install php7.1-fpm
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```bash
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# php7.1-fpm
|
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apt update && apt install php7.1-fpm php7.1-cli php7.1-zip php7.1-opcache php7.1-mysql php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-mbstring php7.1-json php7.1-intl \
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php7.1-gd php7.1-curl php7.1-bz2 php7.1-xml php7.1-tidy php7.1-soap php7.1-bcmath -y php7.1-xsl
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# copy php-fpm pools & php.ini configuration
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cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.1/fpm/* /etc/php/7.1/fpm/
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service php7.1-fpm restart
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||||
|
||||
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.1 configuration"
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||||
|
||||
```
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||||
|
||||
### Install php7.2-fpm
|
||||
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```bash
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# php7.2-fpm
|
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apt update && apt install php7.2-fpm php7.2-xml php7.2-bz2 php7.2-zip php7.2-mysql php7.2-intl php7.2-gd php7.2-curl php7.2-soap php7.2-mbstring php7.2-bcmath -y
|
||||
|
||||
# copy php-fpm pools & php.ini configuration
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.2/fpm/* /etc/php/7.2/fpm/
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service php7.2-fpm restart
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||||
|
||||
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configuration"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Set the proper alternative for /usr/bin/php
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to choose which version of php to use with the command `php`, you can use the command `update-alternatives`
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# php5.6
|
||||
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php5.6 80
|
||||
|
||||
# php7.0
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.0 80
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||||
# php7.1
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.1 80
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||||
|
||||
# php7.2
|
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sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.2 80
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||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then you can check php version with command `php -v`
|
||||
|
||||
## NGINX Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
### Additional Nginx configuration (/etc/nginx/conf.d)
|
||||
|
||||
- New upstreams (php7.1, php7.2, netdata) : upstream.conf
|
||||
- webp image mapping : webp.conf
|
||||
- new fastcgi_cache_bypass mapping for wordpress : map-wp-fastcgi-cache.conf
|
||||
- stub_status configuration on 127.0.0.1:80 : stub_status.conf
|
||||
- restore visitor real IP under Cloudflare : cloudflare.conf
|
||||
- mitigate WordPress DoS attack
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# copy all common nginx configurations
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/
|
||||
|
||||
# commit change with git
|
||||
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update conf.d configurations"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### EE common configuration
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/common/* /etc/nginx/common/
|
||||
|
||||
# commit change with git
|
||||
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update common configurations"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Compile last Nginx mainline release with [nginx-ee script](https://github.com/VirtuBox/nginx-ee)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
bash <(wget-qO - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VirtuBox/nginx-ee/master/nginx-build.sh)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
## Custom configurations
|
||||
|
||||
### clean php-fpm php.ini configuration
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# PHP 7.0
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/php/7.0/* /etc/php/7.0/
|
||||
service php7.0-fpm restart
|
||||
|
||||
git -C /etc/php/ add /etc/php/ && git -C /etc/php/ commit -m "add php7.2 configuration"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Nginx optimized configurations
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 only
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
|
||||
|
||||
# TLS intermediate - TLS v1.0 v1.1 v1.2 v1.3
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx-intermediate.conf
|
||||
|
||||
# TLSv1.2 only
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx-tlsv12.conf
|
||||
|
||||
# commit change with git
|
||||
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update nginx.conf configurations"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Nginx configuration for netdata
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# add nginx reverse-proxy for netdata on https://yourserver.hostname:22222/netdata/
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/sites-available/22222 /etc/nginx/sites-available/22222
|
||||
|
||||
# commit change with git
|
||||
git -C /etc/nginx/ add /etc/nginx/ && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update 22222 configuration"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### Increase Nginx open files limits
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
|
||||
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf
|
||||
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
* * *
|
||||
|
||||
## Security
|
||||
|
||||
### Harden SSH Security
|
||||
|
||||
WARNING : SSH Configuration with root login allowed using SSH keys only [source](https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/blob/master/etc/ssh/sshd_config)
|
||||
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
|
||||
### UFW
|
||||
|
||||
Instructions available in [VirtuBox Knowledgebase](https://kb.virtubox.net/knowledgebase/ufw-iptables-firewall-configuration-made-easier/)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# enable ufw log - allow outgoing - deny incoming
|
||||
ufw logging low
|
||||
ufw default allow outgoing
|
||||
ufw default deny incoming
|
||||
|
||||
# allow incoming traffic on SSH port
|
||||
CURRENT_SSH_PORT=$(grep "Port" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | awk -F " " '{print $2}')
|
||||
ufw allow $CURRENT_SSH_PORT
|
||||
|
||||
# DNS - HTTP/S - FTP - NTP - RSYNC - DHCP - EE Backend
|
||||
ufw allow 53
|
||||
ufw allow http
|
||||
ufw allow https
|
||||
ufw allow 21
|
||||
ufw allow 123
|
||||
ufw allow 68
|
||||
ufw allow 546
|
||||
ufw allow 873
|
||||
ufw allow 22222
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
# enable UFW
|
||||
echo "y" | ufw enable
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Custom jails for fail2ban
|
||||
|
||||
- wordpress bruteforce
|
||||
- ssh
|
||||
- recidive (after 3 bans)
|
||||
- backend http auth
|
||||
- nginx bad bots
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/* /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/
|
||||
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/* /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/
|
||||
|
||||
fail2ban-client reload
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure Memcached server
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
echo '-U 0' >> /etc/memcached.conf
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart memcached
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
If you do not use memcached, you can safely stop and disable it :
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
sudo systemctl stop memcached
|
||||
sudo systemctl disable memcached.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Optional
|
||||
|
||||
### ee-acme-sh
|
||||
|
||||
[Github repository](https://virtubox.github.io/ee-acme-sh/) - Script to setup letsencrypt certificates using acme.sh on EasyEngine servers
|
||||
|
||||
- subdomain support
|
||||
- ivp6 support
|
||||
- wildcards certificates support
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
wget-qO install-ee-acme.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VirtuBox/ee-acme-sh/master/install.sh
|
||||
chmod +x install-ee-acme.sh
|
||||
./install-ee-acme.sh
|
||||
|
||||
# enable acme.sh & ee-acme-sh
|
||||
source .bashrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### netdata
|
||||
|
||||
[Github repository](https://github.com/firehol/netdata)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
|
||||
bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart.sh) all
|
||||
|
||||
# save 40-60% of netdata memory
|
||||
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
|
||||
echo 1000 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs
|
||||
|
||||
# increase open files limits for netdata
|
||||
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d
|
||||
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d/limits.conf
|
||||
|
||||
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
|
||||
sudo systemctl restart netdata.service
|
||||
|
||||
# disable email notifications
|
||||
sudo sed -i 's/SEND_EMAIL="YES"/SEND_EMAIL="NO"/' /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health_alarm_notify.conf
|
||||
service netdata restart
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### cht.sh (cheat)
|
||||
|
||||
[Github repository](https://github.com/chubin/cheat.sh)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > /usr/bin/cht.sh
|
||||
chmod +x /usr/bin/cht.sh
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
echo "alias cheat='cht.sh'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
|
||||
source $HOME/.bashrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
usage : `cheat <command>`
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
root@vps:~ cheat cat
|
||||
# cat
|
||||
|
||||
# Print and concatenate files.
|
||||
|
||||
# Print the contents of a file to the standard output:
|
||||
cat file
|
||||
|
||||
# Concatenate several files into the target file:
|
||||
cat file1 file2 > target_file
|
||||
|
||||
# Append several files into the target file:
|
||||
cat file1 file2 >> target_file
|
||||
|
||||
# Number all output lines:
|
||||
cat -n file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### nanorc - Improved Nano Syntax Highlighting Files
|
||||
|
||||
[Github repository](https://github.com/scopatz/nanorc)
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh -qO- | sh
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Add WP-CLI & bash-completion for user www-data
|
||||
|
||||
```bashrc
|
||||
# download wp-cli bash_completion
|
||||
wget -qO /etc/bash_completion.d/wp-completion.bash https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
|
||||
|
||||
# change /var/www owner
|
||||
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
|
||||
|
||||
# download .profile & .bashrc for www-data
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.profile /var/www/.profile
|
||||
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.bashrc /var/www/.bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
# set owner
|
||||
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/{.profile,.bashrc}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Custom Nginx error pages
|
||||
|
||||
[Github Repository](https://github.com/alexphelps/server-error-pages)
|
||||
|
||||
Installation
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# clone the github repository
|
||||
sudo -u www-data -H git clone https://github.com/alexphelps/server-error-pages.git /var/www/error
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Then include this configuration in your nginx vhost by adding the following line
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
include common/error_pages.conf;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Published & maintained by [VirtuBox](https://virtubox.net)
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Linux
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Version 1.15 - 2018-10-13
|
||||
# Version 1.16 - 2018-10-23
|
||||
# Michiel Klaver - IT Professional
|
||||
# Modified by VirtuBox
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Instructions available on https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Sources :
|
||||
# https://klaver.it/linux/sysctl.conf
|
||||
# https://easyengine.io/tutorials/linux/sysctl-conf/
|
||||
|
|
@ -26,9 +28,9 @@
|
|||
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Usage
|
||||
# wget -O /etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf https://virtubox.github.io/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/files/etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# wget -O /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf https://virtubox.github.io/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/files/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
#
|
||||
# sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -174,11 +176,6 @@ net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo = 0
|
|||
### TUNING NETWORK PERFORMANCE ###
|
||||
###
|
||||
|
||||
# enable BBR congestion control and set tcp_notsent_lowat to 16KB for HTTP/2 prioritization to work reliably
|
||||
# source : https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-2-prioritization-with-nginx/
|
||||
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr
|
||||
net.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384
|
||||
|
||||
# For servers with tcp-heavy workloads, enable 'fq' queue management scheduler (kernel > 3.12)
|
||||
net.core.default_qdisc = fq
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
|
|||
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Linux
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Version 1.15 - 2018-10-13
|
||||
# Version 1.16 - 2018-10-23
|
||||
# Michiel Klaver - IT Professional
|
||||
# Modified by VirtuBox
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Instructions available on https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Sources :
|
||||
# https://klaver.it/linux/sysctl.conf
|
||||
# https://easyengine.io/tutorials/linux/sysctl-conf/
|
||||
|
|
@ -26,9 +28,9 @@
|
|||
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sysctl
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Usage
|
||||
# wget -O /etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf https://virtubox.github.io/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/files/etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# wget -O /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf https://virtubox.github.io/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/files/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
#
|
||||
# sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/10-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
|
||||
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
|
||||
#
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -174,11 +176,6 @@ net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra_pinfo = 0
|
|||
### TUNING NETWORK PERFORMANCE ###
|
||||
###
|
||||
|
||||
# enable BBR congestion control and set tcp_notsent_lowat to 16KB for HTTP/2 prioritization to work reliably
|
||||
# source : https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-2-prioritization-with-nginx/
|
||||
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr
|
||||
net.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384
|
||||
|
||||
# For servers with tcp-heavy workloads, enable 'fq' queue management scheduler (kernel > 3.12)
|
||||
net.core.default_qdisc = fq
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue